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Orthopaedic oncology

Introduction

Research studies are focused on the mechanisms leading cancer cells to enter, invade and proliferate in bone tissues. The laboratory is involved in several projects with the ultimate goal to improve the diagnostic approach and treatment of musculoskeletal tumors.

Cancer stem cells

Cancer stem cells (CSC) form a subpopulation responsible for the development of drug resistance and cancer relapse. CSCs also serve as a model to study the mechanisms of transformation and to pinpoint therapeutic targets.  Studies focused on CSC characterization in bone and soft tissue sarcomas are ongoing  (FIRB funding, provided by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR). Spheroid culture, rich in stem cells from alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

Bisphosphonates

These molecules are known to bind to bone hydroxyapatite and exert anti-osteolytic activities, localizing in areas of active remodeling. The biological effect of newly synthesized bisphosphonates is tested to reach an increased efficacy (PRIN funding).

Molecular targets and biopharmaceuticals

A study of proton dynamics in sarcomas, evaluating different targets (V-ATPase, CA-9, lysosomes) in order to inhibit the mechanisms of survival and invasiveness of the cancer cell and to outline new treatments is ongoing (AIRC funding).
In our section at the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, directed by Prof. Anna Gasperi-Campani, research to identify pathways and molecular targets in tumors is conducted. In this context, cholesterol esterification and caveolin-1 have been identified as possible targets in a variety of solid tumors, including osteosarcoma. Given the role that caveolin-1 plays in the transduction of numerous signals, recent interest has focused on understanding its role in bone homeostasis.